Chanca Piedra

• Kidney and gallbladder support
• Liver protection
• Anti-inflammatory
• Antioxidant protection

• Digestive health
• Blood glucose regulation
• Immune modulation
• Viral resistance
• Pain relief
• Blood pressure support
• Uric acid balance

Chanca Piedra (Phyllanthus niruri) exerts its diverse therapeutic effects through a complex array of bioactive compounds, including lignans (phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, niranthin), flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, astragalin), alkaloids, tannins, and various other phytochemicals. The kidney stone inhibitory properties of Chanca Piedra, for which it is most renowned, involve multiple mechanisms. Research has demonstrated that it interferes with the formation and growth of calcium oxalate crystals, the most common component of kidney stones, by inhibiting crystal aggregation and modifying their structure to a less adherent form. It appears to reduce the supersaturation of stone-forming salts in urine and may increase the excretion of stone-inhibiting substances like citrate.

Additionally, Chanca Piedra relaxes ureter smooth muscle, potentially facilitating the passage of small stones and reducing associated pain. This antispasmodic effect is attributed to its alkaloids and is mediated through calcium channel blocking activity. The hepatoprotective effects of Chanca Piedra stem from multiple pathways. Its lignans, particularly phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin, have demonstrated the ability to stabilize hepatocyte membranes, preventing leakage of liver enzymes during cellular injury.

Research has shown that Chanca Piedra enhances the activity of phase II detoxification enzymes, including glutathione-S-transferase, which helps neutralize and eliminate potentially harmful compounds from the liver. It also inhibits HMV-CoA reductase, potentially supporting healthy cholesterol metabolism. The anti-inflammatory properties of Chanca Piedra involve inhibition of key inflammatory enzymes and mediators. It suppresses the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), reducing the production of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes.

Studies have shown that Chanca Piedra extracts inhibit nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation, a master regulator of inflammatory responses, and reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). The antioxidant activity of Chanca Piedra involves direct free radical scavenging by its flavonoids and polyphenols, as well as enhancement of endogenous antioxidant defenses. Research has demonstrated that Chanca Piedra increases the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, key enzymes in the body’s antioxidant defense system. This dual antioxidant action provides comprehensive protection against oxidative stress, which is implicated in various chronic diseases and aging processes.

For blood glucose regulation, Chanca Piedra appears to enhance insulin sensitivity and may inhibit alpha-glucosidase, an enzyme involved in carbohydrate digestion, potentially reducing post-meal glucose spikes. Some research suggests it may also protect pancreatic beta cells from oxidative damage. The immune-modulating effects of Chanca Piedra are complex and bidirectional. It enhances certain aspects of immune function while dampening excessive immune activation in inflammatory conditions.

This adaptogenic-like effect on immune function may explain its traditional use for both infectious and inflammatory conditions. The antiviral properties of Chanca Piedra have been extensively studied, particularly against hepatitis B virus (HBV). Research suggests it inhibits HBV DNA polymerase and suppresses HBV antigen expression. Studies have also shown activity against other viruses, including hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), though clinical evidence remains limited.

For pain relief, Chanca Piedra’s antinociceptive effects appear to be mediated through both peripheral and central mechanisms. Its alkaloids may modulate pain perception by interacting with opioid receptors, while its anti-inflammatory properties address underlying inflammation contributing to pain. The blood pressure-lowering effects of Chanca Piedra may be attributed to its diuretic properties, calcium channel blocking activity, and potential ACE inhibitory effects, though these mechanisms require further elucidation. For uric acid balance, Chanca Piedra has demonstrated xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, potentially reducing the production of uric acid and supporting its traditional use for gout management.

500-1000 mg of dried herb powder taken 2-3 times daily; or 1-3 grams of dried herb daily, divided into 2-3 doses. For tea preparation: 1-2 teaspoons (2-4 grams) of dried herb per cup of water, steeped for 10-15 minutes, consumed 2-3 times daily. For standardized extracts, follow manufacturer recommendations, typically 350-500 mg daily standardized to 2-5% phyllanthin or 10% total phyllanthins.

Moderate; the bioactive compounds in Chanca Piedra have variable absorption rates. The lignans (phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin) have limited water solubility and moderate lipid solubility, resulting in estimated oral bioavailability of 20-30%. Flavonoids like quercetin and rutin typically have lower bioavailability (5-10%) due to their larger molecular size and polarity. The alkaloids generally have better absorption profiles, with estimated bioavailability of 30-40%.

Traditional preparation as a decoction (simmered for 10-15 minutes rather than simply steeped) enhances extraction of lignans and other active compounds, Combining with black pepper extract (piperine) may increase absorption by inhibiting P-glycoprotein efflux and certain metabolic enzymes, Taking with a small amount of fat can enhance absorption of the less water-soluble compounds like lignans, Alcohol-based extracts (tinctures) typically provide better extraction and potentially better absorption of lignans compared to water-based preparations, Liposomal formulations can significantly improve bioavailability by enhancing solubility and cellular uptake, Micronized powder formulations increase surface area, potentially improving dissolution rate and absorption, Standardized extracts with higher lignan content generally provide better bioavailability than raw herb powder, In Ayurvedic tradition, Chanca Piedra (known as Bhumyamalaki) is sometimes prepared with ghee or honey as anupana (carrier) to enhance absorption

For kidney and gallstone applications, consistent timing throughout the day is important, with divided doses (2-3 times daily) providing more consistent effects. Taking with plenty of water (at least 8 oz per dose) is essential for kidney stone prevention and management. For liver support, morning administration may be most beneficial to align with the liver’s natural detoxification rhythm. Taking with meals may reduce potential mild gastrointestinal discomfort, though a small percentage of users may experience better absorption on an empty stomach.

For urinary tract applications, ensuring adequate hydration throughout the day is crucial when using Chanca Piedra. The traditional preparation method significantly impacts bioavailability – decoctions (simmered for 10-15 minutes) extract more lignans than simple infusions. The herb should be finely ground to increase surface area for extraction. For blood glucose management, taking 15-30 minutes before meals may provide optimal benefits for regulating post-meal glucose levels.

The half-life of the active compounds in Chanca Piedra is estimated to be 4-6 hours, suggesting that divided dosing (2-3 times daily) is beneficial for maintaining therapeutic levels for most applications. Due to the bitter taste, Chanca Piedra is traditionally combined with honey, lemon, or other flavoring agents to improve palatability, which generally does not significantly affect bioavailability.

• Mild gastrointestinal discomfort including stomach upset, loose stools, or diarrhea (occasional, particularly with higher doses)
• Hypoglycemia in susceptible individuals (rare)
• Increased urination due to diuretic effect (common)
• Headache (uncommon)
• Dizziness (rare)
• Allergic reactions (rare)
• Bitter taste and aftertaste (very common)

• Pregnancy (potential uterine stimulant effects; traditionally contraindicated)
• Breastfeeding (insufficient safety data)
• Hypoglycemia or patients on diabetes medications (may enhance hypoglycemic effects)
• Severe hypotension (low blood pressure)
• Scheduled surgery (discontinue at least 2 weeks before due to potential effects on blood glucose and blood pressure)
• Severe liver or kidney disease (insufficient safety data for these populations)
• Known allergy to plants in the Phyllanthaceae family
• Children under 12 years (insufficient safety data)
• Patients on anticoagulant therapy (theoretical concern due to potential mild anticoagulant effects)

• Antidiabetic medications (potential additive hypoglycemic effects)
• Diuretic medications (may enhance diuretic effects)
• Antihypertensive medications (may enhance blood pressure-lowering effects)
• Anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs (theoretical mild interaction)
• Medications metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes (potential alteration of drug metabolism)
• Lithium (diuretic effect may increase lithium concentration)
• Medications for liver conditions (potential interaction due to effects on liver enzymes)
• Immunosuppressant medications (theoretical concern due to immune-modulating properties)

No established upper limit; traditional usage suggests not exceeding 3 grams of dried herb daily for extended periods. Higher doses substantially increase the risk of gastrointestinal side effects and potential hypoglycemia in sensitive individuals. For acute kidney stone episodes, higher doses (up to 3-4 grams daily) have been used for short periods (1-2 weeks) in traditional practice, but should be approached with caution and preferably under healthcare provider supervision.

Long-term safety data beyond 6 months of continuous use is limited, though traditional use suggests safety with prolonged administration at moderate doses.

Chanca Piedra (Phyllanthus niruri) is regulated as a dietary supplement in the United States. It has not been approved as a drug for any specific health conditions. As with other dietary supplements, the FDA does not review Chanca Piedra products for safety or efficacy before they are marketed. Manufacturers are responsible for ensuring their products are safe before marketing and that product labels are truthful and not misleading.

Chanca Piedra products cannot legally make claims to treat, cure, or prevent any disease, though structure/function claims (e.g., ‘supports kidney health’) are permitted with appropriate disclaimer language.

Eu: In the European Union, Phyllanthus niruri is not included in the European Medicines Agency’s (EMA) list of herbal substances, preparations, and combinations for use in traditional herbal medicinal products. The regulatory status varies by member state, with some countries allowing it as a traditional herbal medicinal product when meeting specific requirements. In Germany, it is not included in the Commission E approved herbs.

Canada: Health Canada has listed Phyllanthus niruri in the Natural Health Products Ingredients Database with a medicinal ingredient role. It is allowed for use in Natural Health Products with appropriate claims related to traditional use. Products must meet specific quality and labeling requirements. Health Canada has not issued specific monographs or guidance on Chanca Piedra for specific health conditions.

Australia: The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) permits Phyllanthus niruri in listed complementary medicines (AUST L). Specific therapeutic claims must be supported by evidence of traditional use. The TGA has not issued specific guidance on Chanca Piedra.

India: In India, Phyllanthus niruri (Bhumyamalaki) is officially recognized in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India and is widely used in licensed Ayurvedic medicines. The Ministry of AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy) regulates its use in traditional formulations.

Brazil: The Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA) includes Phyllanthus niruri in its list of traditional herbal medicines. It is regulated for use in various formulations with appropriate labeling. It is included in Brazil’s National List of Medicinal Plants of Interest to the Unified Health System (RENISUS).

Peru: In Peru, where Chanca Piedra has a long history of traditional use, it is recognized as an official medicinal plant. The Peruvian government has established regulations for its sustainable harvesting and use in traditional and modern herbal preparations.

Who: The World Health Organization (WHO) acknowledges the traditional use of Phyllanthus niruri in its monographs on medicinal plants traditionally used in various regions, though it has not issued specific recommendations regarding its use.

Low to medium

Dried herb: $0.20-0.50 per day; Tea bags: $0.30-0.70 per day; Capsules/tablets: $0.40-0.90 per day; Standardized extract: $0.60-1.20 per day; Tincture: $0.50-1.00 per day

Chanca Piedra offers good value for its diverse health benefits, particularly for kidney stone prevention and liver support. The raw herb and basic powder forms are very cost-effective, though proper preparation is crucial for extracting the active compounds. For kidney stone prevention, Chanca Piedra represents an excellent value compared to conventional treatments. The cost of managing kidney stones medically can be substantial, with procedures like lithotripsy or surgical removal costing thousands of dollars.

As a preventative measure, the relatively low cost of Chanca Piedra (approximately $15-30 per month) makes it a highly cost-effective option, particularly for individuals with recurrent stone formation. For liver support, Chanca Piedra offers good value compared to other hepatoprotective supplements. Its multiple mechanisms of action provide comprehensive liver protection at a cost comparable to or lower than alternatives like milk thistle. When comparing different forms, dried herb is the most economical option but requires more preparation time (proper decoction) and may have variable potency.

Tea bags offer convenience but typically contain insufficient amounts of herb for therapeutic effects unless multiple bags are used per cup. Standardized extracts provide more consistent active compound content and potentially better quality control, justifying their moderately higher cost compared to raw herb. Tinctures offer good value due to their long shelf life and relatively good extraction of active compounds. Organic certified products typically cost 20-30% more than conventional ones but offer better quality assurance and reduced pesticide exposure.

The sustainability of Chanca Piedra sourcing affects both cost and ethical considerations. Wild-harvested material may be less expensive but raises sustainability concerns, while cultivated sources may be more sustainable but often command higher prices. When considering the versatility of Chanca Piedra – its applications spanning kidney stone prevention, liver support, digestive health, and blood glucose regulation – the overall value proposition is strong, particularly for individuals who can benefit from multiple properties of the herb. Overall, Chanca Piedra represents a cost-effective natural health product, with the best value found in kidney stone prevention and liver support applications.

Dried herb: 1-2 years when properly stored; Dried herb powder: 6-12 months; Standardized extracts: 2-3 years; Capsules and tablets: 2-3 years when properly stored; Tinctures: 3-5 years; Tea bags: 1-2 years

Store in airtight, opaque containers protected from light, heat, and moisture. Dried herb and powder should be kept in dark glass containers or opaque packaging. Capsules and tablets should remain in their original containers with desiccant packets if provided. Tinctures should be stored in dark glass bottles with tight-fitting caps.

Avoid exposure to direct sunlight or high temperatures, which can accelerate degradation of lignans and other active compounds. Traditional Ayurvedic practices recommend storing Chanca Piedra (Bhumyamalaki) in wooden or clay containers rather than plastic, though modern airtight glass containers are also suitable. Refrigeration is not necessary but can extend shelf life, particularly in hot and humid climates. For long-term storage of dried herb, traditional methods include adding a few bay leaves to prevent insect infestation.

Exposure to light, particularly UV light, accelerates degradation of lignans and other photosensitive compounds, High temperatures (above 30°C/86°F) significantly increase the rate of degradation of most active compounds, Moisture promotes hydrolysis of various compounds and increases risk of microbial growth and mycotoxin formation, Oxidation occurs gradually with air exposure, affecting lignans, flavonoids, and other active compounds, Enzymatic degradation can occur in improperly dried plant material, Microbial contamination can lead to degradation of active compounds and production of potentially harmful metabolites, pH extremes affect stability of many compounds; neutral to slightly acidic conditions are most stable, Metal ions, particularly iron and copper, can catalyze oxidation reactions, Repeated freeze-thaw cycles can disrupt cellular structures in liquid preparations, potentially affecting stability, Long-term storage gradually reduces potency even under optimal conditions due to slow oxidation and molecular rearrangement of unstable compounds

Synthesis Methods

Natural Sources

Quality Considerations

Chanca Piedra (Phyllanthus niruri) has been used for centuries in traditional medicine systems across multiple continents, with its earliest documented use dating back over 2,000 years. The name ‘Chanca Piedra’ is Spanish for ‘stone breaker,’ reflecting its primary traditional use for treating kidney and gallbladder stones. This name was given by early Spanish explorers who learned of the plant’s properties from indigenous peoples of South America. In Ayurvedic medicine of India, where the plant is known as ‘Bhumyamalaki,’ it has been used since at least 1,000 BCE.

The ancient Ayurvedic texts Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita describe its use for jaundice, urinary disorders, and various liver conditions. In Ayurvedic classification, it is considered to have bitter and astringent tastes (‘Tikta’ and ‘Kashaya’), light and dry qualities (‘Laghu’ and ‘Ruksha’), cooling energy (‘Shita Virya’), and sweet post-digestive effect (‘Madhura Vipaka’). It is said to balance Pitta and Kapha doshas while potentially aggravating Vata in excess. Among indigenous peoples of the Amazon rainforest, Chanca Piedra has been used for generations to treat kidney stones, gallstones, hepatitis, and other liver disorders.

The Quechua and other Amazonian tribes prepared the whole plant as a decoction, drinking it regularly for both prevention and treatment of urinary calculi. In Brazilian traditional medicine, where it is known as ‘Quebra Pedra,’ it has been used not only for urinary stones but also for diabetes, malaria, and various digestive disorders. The plant was often prepared as a tea or decoction, with the whole plant being utilized. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, related Phyllanthus species have been used for similar purposes, particularly for ‘clearing damp heat’ from the liver and gallbladder systems.

In the Caribbean and parts of Africa where the plant was introduced, it became incorporated into local healing traditions for treating jaundice, diabetes, and various urinary disorders. Beyond its primary use for urinary stones, traditional applications across cultures have included treatment for hepatitis, malaria, diabetes, dysentery, fever, flu, tumors, jaundice, vaginitis, and as a diuretic and pain reliever. The plant was often considered a panacea or cure-all in many traditional systems due to its diverse applications. Traditional preparation methods varied by culture but commonly involved decoction (simmering in water) of the fresh or dried plant, often taken multiple times daily for acute conditions or as a preventative tonic.

In some traditions, the fresh juice of the plant was extracted and used, particularly for liver conditions. The modern scientific interest in Chanca Piedra began in earnest in the 1960s, with research focusing on its hepatoprotective and antiviral properties, particularly against hepatitis B. By the 1980s and 1990s, research expanded to include its effects on urinary stones, validating its traditional name and primary historical use. Today, Chanca Piedra continues to be used in its traditional contexts while also being incorporated into modern integrative medicine approaches, with scientific research increasingly validating many of its historical applications.

No comprehensive meta-analyses specifically focused on Chanca Piedra have been published to date.

Investigation of Phyllanthus niruri for prevention of recurrent kidney stones (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03918707), Evaluation of standardized Chanca Piedra extract for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry: RBR-4jk6ge), Assessment of Phyllanthus niruri as adjunctive therapy in chronic hepatitis B (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04267523)