Succinic Acid

Succinic acid is a key intermediate in the Krebs cycle that provides powerful benefits for energy production, mitochondrial function, and exercise performance. Research shows it works as both a substrate and signaling molecule in cellular energy metabolism, directly feeding into the electron transport chain to generate ATP while also activating specific receptors that regulate metabolic pathways. Clinical studies demonstrate promising effects for exercise performance, with research showing that supplementation with 2 grams daily for six weeks improved physical performance and reduced blood lactate levels during exercise in healthy young men. Beyond exercise benefits, succinic acid shows potential for supporting metabolic health by enhancing mitochondrial respiratory capacity in tissues and may provide liver protection through its role in energy metabolism and antioxidant pathways. It also functions as an adaptogen, helping the body respond to various stressors by supporting energy production needed for stress adaptation. Most supplements provide 500-2000 mg daily, often divided into 2-3 doses for sustained effects. While generally well-tolerated, it may cause digestive discomfort in some people, particularly at higher doses, so starting with lower amounts and gradually increasing is recommended.