Una De Gato

• Immune system support
• Anti-inflammatory
• Antioxidant protection
• Cellular DNA protection

• Joint health
• Digestive support
• Cognitive function
• Cardiovascular health
• Viral resistance
• Detoxification
• Mood support

Una de Gato (Uncaria tomentosa) exerts its diverse therapeutic effects through a complex array of bioactive compounds, with alkaloids and procyanidins being the most well-studied active constituents. The alkaloid profile includes pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids (POAs) such as pteropodine, isopteropodine, speciophylline, uncarine F, and mitraphylline, as well as tetracyclic oxindole alkaloids (TOAs) like rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline. Additional bioactive compounds include quinovic acid glycosides, triterpenes, flavonoids, and various polyphenols. The immunomodulatory properties of Una de Gato are primarily attributed to its pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids (POAs), which have demonstrated the ability to enhance the activity of macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells.

Research has shown that POAs increase the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) from macrophages, enhancing their phagocytic activity. Additionally, Una de Gato stimulates the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), which promotes T-lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation. This balanced immune enhancement appears to be adaptogenic in nature, helping to normalize immune function rather than simply stimulating it. The anti-inflammatory effects of Una de Gato stem from multiple pathways.

Its active compounds inhibit nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation, a master regulator of inflammatory responses, and reduce the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a key pro-inflammatory cytokine. Una de Gato also inhibits the activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), reducing the production of inflammatory mediators like prostaglandins and nitric oxide. The quinovic acid glycosides in Una de Gato have demonstrated particular potency in reducing inflammation. The antioxidant activity of Una de Gato involves direct free radical scavenging by its flavonoids and procyanidins, as well as enhancement of endogenous antioxidant defenses.

Research has shown that Una de Gato extracts increase the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase, key enzymes in the body’s antioxidant defense system. This dual antioxidant action provides comprehensive protection against oxidative stress. For cellular DNA protection, Una de Gato has demonstrated the ability to enhance DNA repair mechanisms and reduce DNA damage from various stressors. Studies suggest that its alkaloids and procyanidins may help protect against radiation-induced and chemical-induced DNA damage, potentially contributing to its traditional use as an anti-aging herb.

In joint health applications, Una de Gato’s anti-inflammatory mechanisms directly address the underlying inflammation in conditions like arthritis. Additionally, some research suggests it may help inhibit the degradation of cartilage by reducing the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enzymes that break down joint cartilage. For digestive support, Una de Gato exhibits gastroprotective effects through multiple mechanisms. It helps maintain the integrity of the gastric mucosal barrier, reduces inflammation in the digestive tract, and demonstrates activity against Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium associated with gastric ulcers.

Its anti-inflammatory effects may also benefit conditions like inflammatory bowel disease. The cognitive benefits of Una de Gato may stem from its antioxidant properties, which help protect neuronal cells from oxidative damage. Additionally, the tetracyclic oxindole alkaloids (TOAs) have demonstrated neuroprotective effects and may help modulate neurotransmitter systems, though this area requires further research. For cardiovascular health, Una de Gato’s alkaloids, particularly rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline, have demonstrated mild hypotensive effects and may help reduce platelet aggregation.

Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may also help protect vascular endothelium from damage. The antiviral properties of Una de Gato involve multiple mechanisms, including direct inhibition of viral replication and enhancement of the immune response to viral infections. Research has shown activity against various viruses, including herpes simplex virus and dengue virus, though clinical evidence remains limited. For mood support, Una de Gato may act through modulation of neurotransmitter systems and reduction of neuroinflammation, though this application requires further research to elucidate specific mechanisms.

250-500 mg of dried inner bark powder taken 1-3 times daily; or 1-3 grams of dried inner bark daily, divided into 2-3 doses. For tea preparation: 1 teaspoon (1-2 grams) of bark per cup of water, decocted for 10-15 minutes, consumed 1-3 times daily. For standardized extracts, follow manufacturer recommendations, typically 250-350 mg daily standardized to 3-5% alkaloids or 8-10% procyanidins.

Moderate; the alkaloids in Una de Gato have variable absorption rates, with pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids (POAs) showing approximately 20-30% bioavailability. Procyanidins and other polyphenols typically have lower bioavailability (5-10%) due to their larger molecular size and polarity. The complex matrix of the inner bark contains compounds that may both enhance and inhibit absorption of active constituents.

Traditional preparation as a decoction (simmered for 10-15 minutes rather than steeped) enhances extraction of alkaloids and other active compounds, Combining with black pepper extract (piperine) may increase absorption by inhibiting P-glycoprotein efflux and certain metabolic enzymes, Taking with a small amount of fat can enhance absorption of some of the less water-soluble compounds, Alcohol-based extracts (tinctures) typically provide better extraction and potentially better absorption of alkaloids compared to water-based preparations, Liposomal formulations can significantly improve bioavailability by enhancing solubility and cellular uptake, Micronized powder formulations increase surface area, potentially improving dissolution rate and absorption, Standardized extracts with higher alkaloid or procyanidin content generally provide better bioavailability than raw bark powder, TOA-free extracts (with tetracyclic oxindole alkaloids removed) may provide more consistent immunomodulatory effects, as TOAs can potentially interfere with the action of POAs

For inflammatory conditions, consistent timing throughout the day is more important than specific timing, with divided doses (2-3 times daily) providing more consistent anti-inflammatory effects. Taking with meals may reduce potential mild gastrointestinal discomfort, though a small percentage of users may experience better absorption on an empty stomach. For immune support, morning administration may be most beneficial to align with the body’s natural cortisol rhythm and immune activity patterns. The traditional preparation method significantly impacts bioavailability – decoctions (simmered for 10-15 minutes) extract more alkaloids than simple infusions.

The inner bark should be finely shredded or powdered to increase surface area for extraction. For digestive applications, taking 15-30 minutes before meals may provide optimal benefits for gastric protection. The half-life of the alkaloids in Una de Gato is estimated to be 4-6 hours, suggesting that divided dosing (2-3 times daily) is beneficial for maintaining therapeutic levels for most applications. Some practitioners recommend cycling usage (e.g., 5 days on, 2 days off) for long-term use to prevent potential adaptation and to give the body periodic breaks.

Due to the bitter taste, Una de Gato is traditionally combined with honey, cinnamon, or other flavoring agents to improve palatability, which generally does not significantly affect bioavailability.

• Mild gastrointestinal discomfort including nausea, stomach discomfort, and diarrhea (occasional, particularly with higher doses)
• Headache (uncommon)
• Dizziness (rare)
• Allergic reactions (rare, more common in individuals allergic to plants in the Rubiaceae family)
• Mild hypotension in sensitive individuals (uncommon)
• Bitter taste and aftertaste (very common)
• Mild diuretic effect (common)

• Pregnancy (potential effects on uterine tone; traditionally contraindicated)
• Breastfeeding (insufficient safety data)
• Planned or recent organ or tissue transplants (may interfere with immunosuppressive therapy)
• Autoimmune disorders (theoretical concern due to immune-stimulating properties, though some research suggests potential benefits)
• Scheduled surgery (discontinue at least 2 weeks before due to potential effects on blood clotting and blood pressure)
• Severe liver or kidney disease (insufficient safety data for these populations)
• Known allergy to plants in the Rubiaceae family
• Children under 12 years (insufficient safety data)
• Hemophilia or other bleeding disorders (mild anticoagulant effects may exacerbate)
• Hypotension (low blood pressure)

• Immunosuppressant medications (potential interference with therapeutic effects due to immune-stimulating properties)
• Anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs (potential mild additive effects on blood clotting)
• Antihypertensive medications (may enhance blood pressure-lowering effects)
• Medications metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes (potential alteration of drug metabolism)
• Hormone replacement therapy (theoretical interaction based on potential hormonal effects)
• Diuretic medications (may enhance diuretic effects)
• Medications for autoimmune conditions (potential interference with therapeutic effects)

No established upper limit; traditional usage suggests not exceeding 3 grams of dried inner bark daily for extended periods. Higher doses substantially increase the risk of gastrointestinal side effects. Long-term safety data beyond 6 months of continuous use is limited, though traditional use suggests safety with prolonged administration at moderate doses. Some practitioners recommend periodic breaks (e.g., 5 days on, 2 days off) for long-term administration.

TOA-free extracts may have a better safety profile for long-term use, as tetracyclic oxindole alkaloids (TOAs) may interfere with the beneficial effects of pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids (POAs) and potentially cause more side effects in sensitive individuals.

Una de Gato (Uncaria tomentosa) is regulated as a dietary supplement in the United States. It has not been approved as a drug for any specific health conditions. As with other dietary supplements, the FDA does not review Una de Gato products for safety or efficacy before they are marketed. Manufacturers are responsible for ensuring their products are safe before marketing and that product labels are truthful and not misleading.

Una de Gato products cannot legally make claims to treat, cure, or prevent any disease, though structure/function claims (e.g., ‘supports immune health’) are permitted with appropriate disclaimer language.

Eu: In the European Union, Uncaria tomentosa is included in the European Medicines Agency’s (EMA) ‘List of substances of possible concern’. The Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) has not yet established a community herbal monograph for Uncaria species. The regulatory status varies by member state, with some countries allowing it as a traditional herbal medicinal product when meeting specific requirements. In Germany, it is not included in the Commission E approved herbs.

Canada: Health Canada has listed Uncaria tomentosa in the Natural Health Products Ingredients Database with a medicinal ingredient role. It is allowed for use in Natural Health Products with appropriate claims related to traditional use. Products must meet specific quality and labeling requirements. Health Canada has not issued specific monographs or guidance on Una de Gato for specific health conditions.

Australia: The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) permits Uncaria tomentosa in listed complementary medicines (AUST L). Specific therapeutic claims must be supported by evidence of traditional use. The TGA has not issued specific guidance on Una de Gato.

Peru: In Peru, where Una de Gato is native and has the longest history of traditional use, it is recognized as an official medicinal plant. The Peruvian government has established regulations for its sustainable harvesting and export. It is included in the Peruvian Pharmacopoeia and is available both as a traditional remedy and in standardized pharmaceutical preparations.

Brazil: The Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA) includes Uncaria tomentosa in its list of traditional herbal medicines. It is regulated for use in various formulations with appropriate labeling. It is included in Brazil’s National List of Medicinal Plants of Interest to the Unified Health System (RENISUS).

Who: The World Health Organization (WHO) acknowledges the traditional use of Uncaria tomentosa in its monographs on medicinal plants traditionally used in the Americas, though it has not issued specific recommendations regarding its use.

Medium

Dried inner bark: $0.30-0.70 per day; Tea bags: $0.40-0.80 per day; Capsules/tablets: $0.50-1.20 per day; Standardized extract: $0.80-1.50 per day; TOA-free extract: $1.00-2.00 per day; Tincture: $0.70-1.30 per day

Una de Gato offers moderate to good value for its diverse health benefits, particularly for inflammatory conditions and immune support. The raw herb and basic powder forms are relatively cost-effective, though proper preparation (decoction rather than simple infusion) is crucial for extracting the active compounds. For inflammatory joint conditions, Una de Gato represents a moderate-value option compared to many conventional treatments. Its multiple mechanisms of action provide comprehensive anti-inflammatory benefits at a fraction of the cost of prescription anti-inflammatory medications, though results may develop more gradually.

The cost-effectiveness is particularly favorable for chronic, recurring conditions that would otherwise require ongoing pharmaceutical intervention. When comparing different forms, dried inner bark is the most economical option but requires more preparation time (proper decoction) and may have variable potency. Tea bags offer convenience but typically contain insufficient amounts of bark for therapeutic effects unless multiple bags are used per cup. Standardized extracts provide more consistent active compound content and potentially better quality control, justifying their moderately higher cost compared to raw herb.

TOA-free extracts command premium prices due to the specialized extraction process required to remove tetracyclic oxindole alkaloids while preserving pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids, but may provide more consistent immunomodulatory effects for certain applications. Tinctures offer good value due to their long shelf life and relatively good extraction of active compounds. Organic certified products typically cost 20-30% more than conventional ones but offer better quality assurance and reduced pesticide exposure. The sustainability of Una de Gato harvesting affects both cost and ethical considerations.

Wild-harvested material from mature vines generally provides higher alkaloid content but raises sustainability concerns. Cultivated sources may be more sustainable but often command higher prices due to the time and resources required for cultivation. When considering the versatility of Una de Gato – its applications spanning anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and digestive support properties – the overall value proposition is moderate to good, particularly for individuals who can benefit from multiple properties of the herb. Overall, Una de Gato represents a moderately cost-effective natural health product, with the best value found in standardized extracts for specific therapeutic applications, particularly for inflammatory conditions and immune support.

Dried inner bark pieces: 2-3 years when properly stored; Dried inner bark powder: 1-2 years; Standardized extracts: 2-3 years; Capsules and tablets: 2-3 years when properly stored; Tinctures: 3-5 years; Tea bags: 1-2 years

Store in airtight, opaque containers protected from light, heat, and moisture. Dried bark pieces and powder should be kept in dark glass containers or opaque packaging. Capsules and tablets should remain in their original containers with desiccant packets if provided. Tinctures should be stored in dark glass bottles with tight-fitting caps.

Avoid exposure to direct sunlight or high temperatures, which can accelerate degradation of alkaloids and other active compounds. Traditional Amazonian practices recommend storing Una de Gato in wooden or clay containers rather than plastic, though modern airtight glass containers are also suitable. Refrigeration is not necessary but can extend shelf life, particularly in hot and humid climates. For long-term storage of dried bark, traditional methods include adding a few bay leaves to prevent insect infestation.

Exposure to light, particularly UV light, accelerates degradation of alkaloids and other photosensitive compounds, High temperatures (above 30°C/86°F) significantly increase the rate of degradation of most active compounds, Moisture promotes hydrolysis of various compounds and increases risk of microbial growth and mycotoxin formation, Oxidation occurs gradually with air exposure, affecting alkaloids and other active compounds, Enzymatic degradation can occur in improperly dried plant material, Microbial contamination can lead to degradation of active compounds and production of potentially harmful metabolites, pH extremes affect stability of alkaloids; neutral to slightly acidic conditions are most stable, Metal ions, particularly iron and copper, can catalyze oxidation reactions, Repeated freeze-thaw cycles can disrupt cellular structures in liquid preparations, potentially affecting stability, Long-term storage gradually reduces potency even under optimal conditions due to slow oxidation and molecular rearrangement of unstable compounds

Synthesis Methods

Natural Sources

Quality Considerations

Una de Gato (Uncaria tomentosa) has been used for at least 2,000 years by indigenous tribes of the Amazon rainforest, particularly the Asháninka, Aguaruna, Cashibo, and Conibo peoples of Peru. The name ‘Una de Gato’ is Spanish for ‘cat’s claw,’ referring to the plant’s distinctive curved thorns that resemble a cat’s claws. These thorns, which help the woody vine climb to heights of up to 100 feet in the rainforest canopy, became a signature of the plant’s identity in traditional medicine systems. The Asháninka, who are considered the primary traditional keepers of knowledge about this plant, called it ‘Uncaria’ and regarded it as a sacred healing plant with broad applications.

They used it primarily for inflammatory conditions, digestive disorders, and recovery from childbirth. Traditional preparation involved harvesting the inner bark of the vine, carefully removing the outer bark, and preparing it as a decoction by simmering in water for extended periods. This decoction was consumed daily for both prevention and treatment of various ailments. In traditional Amazonian medicine, Una de Gato was considered a powerful ‘depurative’ or blood cleanser, used to remove toxins and impurities from the body.

It was employed for treating wounds, gastric ulcers, arthritis, intestinal disorders, and certain cancers. The plant was also used as a contraceptive by some tribes, though this application has not been substantiated by modern research. Beyond physical ailments, Una de Gato held spiritual significance for many indigenous groups. Shamans used it in ceremonial contexts to enhance spiritual awareness and as a plant ally for healing rituals.

The Asháninka believed that the plant had a protective spirit that could be called upon for healing serious illnesses. The traditional knowledge of Una de Gato remained largely within indigenous communities until the 1970s, when Austrian researcher Klaus Keplinger began studying the plant after learning about it from Asháninka healers. His research into the plant’s alkaloids and immune-enhancing properties helped bring Una de Gato to international attention. By the 1990s, Una de Gato had gained popularity in North America and Europe as an herbal supplement, particularly for immune support and inflammatory conditions.

This increased demand led to concerns about sustainable harvesting, as traditional methods involved cutting sections of the vine, which could damage the plant if not done properly. The traditional ecological knowledge of the Asháninka included sustainable harvesting practices that allowed the vines to regenerate, a consideration that has become increasingly important as global demand has grown. Today, Una de Gato remains an important medicinal plant in the traditional pharmacopeia of many Amazonian communities, while also being incorporated into modern integrative medicine approaches. The traditional knowledge of its preparation and applications continues to inform contemporary use, with the inner bark still being the primary part used medicinally, though modern preparations have expanded to include standardized extracts, capsules, and tinctures.

No comprehensive meta-analyses specifically focused on Una de Gato have been published to date.

Investigation of Uncaria tomentosa extracts for inflammatory bowel disease (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03942822), Evaluation of Una de Gato as adjunctive therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry: RBR-4jk6ge), Assessment of TOA-free Una de Gato extract for immune modulation (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04267523)